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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. C. W. PLODQVIST.

BUTLER OR VESSEL LINED WITH LEAD FOB. USE IN TREATMENT 0E FIBROUS SUBSTANGES.

Patented Aug. 31, 1886. 'b'gl,

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N. PETERS. PnnwLnnugmpmr, washmpon. D. C.

(No Model.) C. W- PLODQVIST. 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

BOILER OR VESSEL LINED WITH LEAD FOR USE IN TREATMENT OP PIBROUS SUBSTANCES.

No. 348,457. Patented Aug. 31, 1886.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. C. W. FLODQVIST. BOILEB, OR VESSEL LINED WITH LEAD FOR USE IN TREATMENT 0F PIBROUS SUBSTANGES.

' No. 348,457. Patented Aug. 31, 1886.

NiTEn STATES ATENT EETEE.

CARL wALiDEMAn ELoDQvisr, or GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN.

BOILER OR VESSEL LINED WITH LEAD FOR USE IN TREATMENT OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.

SPECIFICATION vforming part of Lettera Patent No. 348,457, dated august 31, 1886. Application filed April 14, 1F86. Serial No. 198,833. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL WALDEMAR FLoD- Qvlsr, engineer, a subject of the King of Sweden, and resident of Gothenburg, Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in Boilers or Vessels Lined with Lead for Use in the Treatment of Fibrous Substances by Means of Acids, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to boilers or vessels lined with lead for use in the treatment of fibrous substances by means ot' acids. An inherent defect in the lead-lined boilers heretofore used for this purpose is that the iron or steel shell of the boiler and the lead lining of the same do not expand and contract equally. Moreover, after protracted use, the lead lining becomes reduced in thickness at different parts thereof, and cracks are sometimes produced therein. To obviate these defects, l make the lead lining in sections, so that t-he expansion and contraction thereof will take place within such narrow limits that the liability toxcracking or fracture of the said lining is reduced to a minimum and may be considered as practically removed, and to permit the free expansion and contraction of the said sections or pieces of the lining I leave clear spaces between adjacent edges of the said sections or pieces and connect them by means of lead rings, hoops, or plates, which are curved in transverse section. Vhen the lining is heated, the sections orpieees thereof expand and their adjacent edges approach each other, the said ring or plate being more or less compressed to permit this movement of the said sections or pieces. I fasten or secure the said sections or pieces of the lining in place within the boilershell by means of metal rings or bands bolted or riveted to the said shell, as hereinafter described, and I so arrange the aforesaid curved plate or ring that it will cover the heads of the bolts or rivets and protect the same against the action of the acid.

My said invention, moreover, comprises the combination,with a lead rivet for securing the lining to the shell, of means for strengthening or re-enforcing the said rivet, and of a lead plate secured to the lining and covering the end of the said rivet.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central section of part of a boiler constructed according to my said invention, with the lining made in rings or annular or cylindrical sections. Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional views of one of the joints of the lead lining, drawn to an enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is an elevation or face view of the said joint, also drawn to an enlarged scale. Fig. 5 is a vertical central section of part oi'a lead-lined boiler, with the lining made in rectangular sections. Fig. 6 is a transverse section; Fig. 7, a horizontal section; and Fig. 8, an elevation or face View illustrating details of con struction. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are drawn to an enlarged scale. Figs. 9.and l0 show in front elevation and vertical central section a modiiication of my invention drawn to a still further enlarged scale.

a is the shell ofthe boiler. b is the lead lining thereof, which is divided into a series ot' sections, b bi b b4. ln the boiler shown in Fig. l, these sections are annular or cylindrical, and each of the said sections is, by preference, from eighteen to twenty inches in length; but they may be longer or shorter, it' desired. rlhe said sections should vary in length in proportion to the size ofthe boiler. Between these rings or sections areleft spaces of about one inch in width, as at c, Fig. 4, to permit the said rings or sections to eXp-and or contract without resistance.

Over each space c is placed an iron ring or band, d, ol', say, three or four inches in width. These rings or bands are secured by means of bolts c and nuts f to the shell c of the boiler, so that they bind together the several sections ofthe lining and hold the same lirmly in contact with the said shell. The said sections are, moreover, united by a flexible lead ring, g, which is placed over the iron ring d, and is soldered to the lead rings or sections bbzb'lb, as shown at Il hin Figs. 2 and 3. The ring g is designed to protect the iron ring or band d against injury bythe acids, and at the same time permit the expansion and contraction of the said sections, the said ring, by reason of its shape, being extended or expanded longitudinally when the lead lining contracts, and contracted when the lead lining expands.

To further facilitate the free expansion and contraction of the lead lining india-rubber packing is sometimes placed between the iron ring d and the lead lining b, as at 7c, Figs. 2 and 3, so that the joints will be sut'liciently elastic to prevent fracture of the lead, which would otherwise be caused by theinevitable expansion and contraction thereof.

Between the ring g and the iron ring cl there is a space, m, Figs. 2 and 3. Air is contained in this space, and to permit its free escape therefrom holes n are formed in the ring d, and holes a are formed in the shell aof the boiler. Therefore the air, when expanded' bythe heat, cannot injure the lead lining. To permit the escape .of air from between the rings or sections b b2 b3 bn1 and the shell a, the latter is provided with small holes n?, Fig. 1.

In the boiler shown in Fig. 5 the sections b' b2 b3 b4 of the lead lining are of rectangular form.

In applying the lead lining in this case I secure upon the inner surface of the boilershell a series of iron rings or bands, d, about two and a half inches wide, which have been previously covered with leadrings g. These rings or bands are placed at intervals of from one and a half to two feet, and are iirmly fastened or secured by bolts e and nuts f. The boiler-shell is thus divided into a number of cylindrical sections. Each of these sections is divided into, say, six or eight parts by iron bands cl', covered with. lead and placed perpendicularly to the rings d, and firmly fastened to the boiler-shell by bolts e and nuts-f. rlhe boiler-shell is thus divided by the said rings or bands into a large number 0f rectangular parts. In each of these divisions is placed a separate lead plate or section, which is soldered to the edges of the adjacent rings and bands, so that when heatedl and cooled each separate lead plate or section will expand and contract independently of the adjacent plates or sections, and the expansion and contraction will take place wit-hin such narrow limits that there will be no danger of cracks occurring in the lead. The bolts e are passed through holes d2 in the rings or bands d d', as shown in Fig. 8, and their heads fit into holes g in the lead rings or coverings g, so that they rest against the said iron rings or bands.

p is a lead plate covering the head of the bolt. The lead plates or sections are soldered to the lead rings or coverings, as at h2 h3, Fig. 6. About the middle of each lead plate or section there is a small hole in the iron or steel shell to let the air between the shell and the lead plate escape.

If desired, the rings or bauds d d may be secured by means of rivets, instead of as above.

described.

To more effectually insure the keeping of the lead plates in their position against the boiler-shell, I sometimes use the means hereinafter described,which can be applied to any lead-lined boiler. The boiler-shell is provided with a number of small holes at intervals of from eight to twelve inches, and corresponding holes are formed in the lead lining. In each of these holes is put a rivet, q, of hard lead, Figs. 9 and 10. These rivets extend through the boiler-shell and the lead lining,

andV are soldered. to the latter. at q'. .To strengthen the lead lining at this part a round lead plate, r, is placed above the rivet, and soldered at fr to the lining b. To strengthen the lead rivet q, an irokn or other metal pipe or tubular piece, s, is preferably placed in the center of the same, as shown.

The above-described improved manner of lining the boiler with lead obviates the inconveniences arising from fracture of the lead lining, and increases the durability of the said lining,so that it will last a considerable length of time without repairs.

It is obvious that my improvements can be applied to boilers of other forms of construction than that shown in the drawings.

I wish it understood that I am aware that it is not new to make the lead lining in sections or pieces which are united at their edges to form water-tight joints. I am also aware that it is not new to cover the bolt-heads with annular bands or hoops of lead to prevent corrosion. I therefore make no claim to these devices, except when the sections or pieces are arranged with clear spaces between their edges, and when said bands or hoops are soldered to said sections or pieces, and act, 'as above described, to take up the expansion of the lining.

What I claim is- 1. A lead-lined boiler or vessel for the purposes above specified, wherein the lead rings or sections b b2, Ste., are secured to the boiler'- shell in such a manner as to leave clear spaces c between their edges, and are connected by curved rings,bands,or hoops g,soldered thereto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with the boiler-shell a, of the lead rings or sections b b2, Ste., secured thereto by the rings d and bolts or rivets in such a manner as to leave clear spaces c between their edges, and the curved rings, bands, or hoops g connecting said lead rings or sections and covering said rings d and said bolts or rivets,all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The rivet q, of hard lead, strengthened orare-enforced by the steel or iron tube s, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, with the boiler-shell a, and the lead lining b, formed in sections and secured thereto, as above described, of the rivets q, of hard lead strengthened or reenfored by steel or iron tubes s, which rivets Yare passed through said shell and lining and soldered to said lining. and the lead plates r, covering said rivets, and also soldered to said lining, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Intestimony whereof Ihave hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VVilneSSes: CARL WALDEMAR FLODQVIST.

GEo. J. B. FRANKLIN,l HERBERT E. DALE, Both of 17 Gracechm'ch Street, London, E. C.

ICO

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